Neuro Muscle Tone Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• What is the primary purpose of casting and splinting in tone management?
• A positive Babinski sign is characterized by which toe movement?
• How is botulinum toxin dosing planned for focal spasticity?
• The presence of a Babinski sign in adults most strongly suggests damage to which pathway?
• Which statement about muscle spindle excitability after corticospinal injury is correct?
• Spasticity is described as velocity-dependent resistance to passive stretch. Which of the following options represents that definition?
• Which sign is classically used to indicate upper motor neuron dysfunction in the lower extremities?
• Which condition is primarily associated with rigidity and is linked to basal ganglia disorders?
• Which lower-extremity description is typical in hypertonic posturing?
• Which movement disorder is described as a hyperkinetic disorder often associated with basal ganglia lesions?
• What outcomes are typically measured after spasticity treatment?
• Which statement is an adaptive feature of upper motor neuron syndrome?
• Which of the following describes a potential change in slow-twitch fibers due to disuse?
• Which sign is characteristic of upper motor neuron signs?
• Which components contribute to muscle tone?
• What are potential consequences of spasticity?
• Which movement disorder is primarily characterized by involuntary muscle contractions causing twisting and abnormal postures?
• How should you examine spasticity?
• Which contributor to crossbridge stiffness in humans is identified?
• What are common adverse effects of long-term oral baclofen therapy?
• What are potential benefits of spasticity?
• How is muscle stiffness different from spasticity?
• What is a common pattern of spasticity distribution after unilateral hemisphere injury?
• What is the clasp-knife phenomenon and its clinical significance?
• Signs indicating plantar flexor involvement after CNS injury include which of the following?
• What is a common post-stroke pattern difference between upper and lower limbs?
• What best defines muscle tone?
• In adult neurological exam, a positive Babinski sign is described as what toe movement?
• What does a 0 on the modified ashworth scale mean?
• Excessive, atypical and redundant muscle activity is called what?
• Which electrophysiologic measure quantifies stretch reflex gain and indicates hyperreflexia when increased?
• Hypotonia is characterized by which finding?
• Which statement about spasticity is true?
• Which of the following is not a common observation in spasticity examination?
• Describe UE positioning in hypertonic posturing?
• Which statement correctly describes the mechanism of dantrolene in treating spasticity?
• Which statement best describes dystonia in the context of tone disorders?
• What reflexes should you test in examination of spasticity?
• Describe the role of dystonia in motor disorders associated with tone.
• In planning botulinum toxin dosing for focal spasticity, which guidance is commonly used to target muscles?
• Nonpharmacologic strategies to manage tone?
• Adaptive features of upper motor neuron syndrome include which of the following?
• Which phenomenon describes whole body tensing?
• How can sensory impairment influence tone assessment?
• Spasticity and spastic dystonia differ in what key feature?
• Which statement correctly identifies the contributors to muscle tone?
• Pseudo-spasticity arises from which of the following?
• There are multiple mechanisms that can cause clonus. Which statement is true?
• A positive Babinski sign is indicative of what?
• Why is bilateral comparison useful when assessing tone?
• Which statement best distinguishes dystonia from rigidity clinically?
• Dystonia may be described as task-specific or stimulus-sensitive.
• Which statement best distinguishes UMN-related hypertonia from LMN-related hypertonia?
• Normal plantar response is most accurately described as which movement?
• Which statement about spasticity is true?
• Role of casting and splinting in tone management?
• What happens to excitability of the muscle spindle neuron with a corticospinal pathway injury?
• Which statement about guidance for botulinum toxin injections is correct?
• Which of the following is a positive feature of UMN syndrome?
• What is the name for large amplitude flailing motions?
• Which statement describes the Modified Ashworth Scale score of 1+?
• Which movement disorder is described as slow, twisting, 'wormlike' movements?
• Which sign is a hallmark LMN sign?
• What are R1 and R2 on the Tardieu Scale?
• Dystonia is commonly associated with lesions of which brain structure?
• What is intrathecal baclofen and when is it indicated?
• What best describes the relationship between upper motor neuron disorders and voluntary movement?
• What is the result of corticospinal pathways injury?
• Which movement disorder is described by repetitive, involuntary, purposeless movements such as grimacing and lip smacking?
• Name two objective tools beyond clinical scales for tone assessment.
• What is the difference between tone and strength?
• Describe the pendulum test and what it measures.
• Which term describes decreased muscle tone?
• Which option best captures a negative feature of UMN syndrome?
• Which of the following are major abnormal muscle tone syndromes you might assess in neurorehabilitation?
• Spasticity is indicated on the Tardieu Scale if which condition is met?
• What does it mean for there to be a loss of descending inhibitory input?
• Which statement accurately describes the tone and movements seen with dystonia?
• Which reflex is commonly tested to assess upper motor neuron involvement?
• Which statement about pharmacologic treatment of spasticity is true?
• Dystonia can present in which patterns?
• What happens to excitability of the alpha motor neuron with a corticospinal pathway injury?
• Which assessment tool provides a velocity-dependent measure of resistance to passive movement?
• Which outcome is a primary measure after spasticity treatment?
• What is the purpose of dynamic ROM assessment in spasticity?
• Spasticity is a symptom of which syndrome?
• Intrinsic mechanical stiffness as a non-neural contributor to tone arises from which tissues?
• Which statement describes a shoulder position in hypertonic upper-extremity posturing?
• What is the term for the post-injury period during which spinal reflexes below an injury are completely suppressed?
• During reflex hyperactivity, increased CT stiffness may lead to what change in muscle spindle sensitivity?
• Tizanidine is described as which type of drug?
• Rigidity is often associated with which type of disorders?
• Clonus is best described as involving which combination of mechanisms?
• Which statement best defines clonus?
• The effects of botulinum toxin injections for focal spasticity typically last about how long?
• What is a direct effect of increased muscle spindle sensitivity following corticospinal injury?
• Which of the following best describes what you often see with dystonia?
• Which statement best describes how spasticity affects passive range of motion measurements?
• Which of the following is NOT typically associated with an upper motor neuron lesion?
• Which term describes additional movements accompanying the primary movement?
• Spasticity is associated with which reflex abnormality?
• Which statement best describes a negative feature of UMN syndrome?
• Which option is NOT a nonpharmacologic strategy for managing tone?
• What can Reflex hyperactivity suggest?
• Define clonus and its clinical significance.
• What is a recommended approach when tone reduction does not yield functional gains?
• What constitutes an integrated approach to spasticity management?
• Adaptive increase in muscle stiffness can lead to all of the following except which one?
• Which factors can provoke dystonia during assessment?
• Spasticity is defined as which of the following?
• Which agent is a GABA-B agonist used to treat spasticity and can be given orally or intrathecally?
• Which finding would suggest an upper motor neuron lesion?
• What are common trends of hypertonic posturing?
• How do stretch reflexes present in rigidity?
• Clonus is described as what?
• Dystonia is most commonly linked to lesions in which brain structure?
• Which statement about reflexes in rigidity is true?
• How do reflexes change after an upper motor neuron lesion?
• Rhythmic distal joint oscillation, typically in response to a stretch stimulus
• How can physical therapy complement pharmacologic treatments for spasticity?
• An integrated approach to spasticity management aims to do which of the following?
• Which statement is NOT a listed consequence of corticospinal injury?
• Which motor pathway is primarily implicated when a Babinski sign is present?
• Dystonia can present regionally (segmentally) or in what other form?
• Botulinum toxin dosing goals: which statement is accurate?
• Indications for intrathecal baclofen therapy?
• Which sign describes a progression from high resistance to movement to a sudden release during passive stretching?
• Which of the following best describes elements of a reliable Modified Ashworth grading?
• What changes occur with hyperexcitability of an alpha motor neuron pool at the segmental level?
• What is the role of the gamma loop in tone regulation?
• Diazepam, used for spasticity, belongs to which class of drugs?
• Is rigidity velocity dependent or independent?
• Which signs suggest central origin of increased tone on exam?
• Which term describes abnormal limb posturing often seen in certain motor disorders?
• What are important observation pieces in examination of spasticity?
• Which description best matches the Babinski sign?
• Cogwheel rigidity is best described as what pattern?
• A focal presentation of dystonia is best described as which term?
• The normal plantar response is part of which examination category?
• What is the clinical significance of the 'angle of catch' in the Tardieu scale?
• Why do you see abnormal limb posturing with dyscontrol?
• Why is standardized testing important in tone assessment?
• In spasticity, what happens to reciprocal inhibition?
• What signs indicate that tone reduction did not translate into functional gains?
• Temporary hypotonia can be seen after which events?
• Which sequence best describes the stretch reflex pathway involved in tone?
• Non-neural contributions to passive movement include which option?
• Spinal shock may occur due to which mechanism?
• In development, how does the Hmax/Mmax ratio behave?
• Which movement disorder is described as rapid, irregular jerking movements?
• Reflex muscle contraction occurs in response to which stimulus?
• Persistent hypertonia may contribute to which outcome?
• When does Reflex hyperactivity appear?
• Hypertonia can be problematic because it may lead to which outcomes?
• Which of the following contributes to muscle tone?
• A positive Babinski sign is considered normal for which age group?
• What happens during Reflex hyperactivity?
• Which factors influence inter-rater reliability in tone testing?
• Which description best characterizes how spasticity presents?
• Which agent is a direct-acting muscle relaxant for spasticity?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a mechanism that can cause clonus?
• Which muscle groups are commonly targeted with botulinum toxin in limbs?
• What does an increased Hmax/Mmax ratio indicate?
• Which finding is more typical of UMN-related hypertonia?
• What do you see with dyscontrol?
• Which statement about botulinum toxin injections for focal spasticity is true?
• How does age influence tone interpretation in pediatric cerebral palsy?
• Rigidity is caused by what mechanism?
• Which of the following describes increased cross linkages sustained in resting state?
• Which statement best distinguishes spasticity from rigidity?
• Which statement describes a mechanism at the level of the spinal cord contributing to clonus?
• What is the normal plantar response?
• What term describes the resistance of a resting muscle to passive lengthening?
• In adults, a Babinski sign is considered abnormal and indicates dysfunction in which system?
• Intrinsic mechanical stiffness is produced by which tissues?
• Spinal shock is followed by which clinical change?
• Spasticity is defined as which of the following compared with rigidity?
• Describe LE positioning in hypertonic posturing?
• Hypotonia is described as which of the following?
• Which term describes the normal plantar response?